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Each year, CollegeBoard provides a comprehensive look at the current financial aid and student borrowing climate. As a result of the Great Recession, we’ve experienced a variety of shifts in how much aid has been distributed, how much has been borrowed and how many graduates have defaulted. Though the results look like a conglomeration of dollar amounts and percentages, they actually help prospective and current students alike.
By analyzing the behavior of past students and borrowers, current students can learn a valuable lesson. Take a look.
Types of Student Aid
According to the Trends in Student Aid report, full-time equivalent undergraduates received an average of $14,210, and graduate students received an average of $26,950. These packages included grants, federal student loans, education tax credits and federal work study. Loans declined from 47% in 2010-11 to 43% in 2014-15 in student aid packages, while grants increased from 45% to 50% for the same years.
From this data, financially needy students can get a rough estimate of what they’re financial aid package could look like. It’s also encouraging to see that the amount of grants distributed has increased while loans have decreased.
Pell Grants
CollegeBoard reports that the total amount of Pell Grants awarded in 2014-15 decreased to $30.3 billion from $39 billion in 2010-2011. However, the number of students receiving Pell Grants increased from 5.3 million in 2004-05 to 8.2 million in 2014-15. The average Pell Grant award was $3,673 – down from $4,189 (in 2014 dollars).
More students are receiving Pell Grants, although the average amount awarded is lower than the maximum award offered under the Pell Grant. The maximum award is currently set at $5,645. It’s also worth noting the maximum Pell Grant award only covers 61% of average full-time tuition and fees at a public university. At private universities, that percentage is only 19%.
Student Borrowing
Want to hear some good news? CollegeBoard states that total annual education borrowing decreased for the fourth consecutive year. Compared to 2010-11, students in the Stafford Subsidized Loan Program borrowed 9% less, and borrowers in the Stafford Unsubsidized Loan Program took 11% less. However, for the 2014-15 school year, the volume of nonfederal student loans rose $10.1 billion, increasing at a faster rate than ever.
Though borrowing is down year-over-year, the amount at which students are borrowing is still exponentially high. In 2007-08, the total amount of nonfederal loans borrowed was $25.6 billion. As mentioned above, in just one school year, the total grew by $10.1 billion.
Student Debt
Of borrowers that began repayment on their loans in 2011-12, 9% that graduated and 24% that did not graduate defaulted on their loans within the first two years of repayment. Also, borrowers that attend for-profit schools and two-year institutions are two or three times as likely to default on student loans than borrowers from four-year public or private institutions. CollegeBoard states that 47% of student loan debt is held by people in the top quartile of income distribution. Only 11% was held by those in the lower quartile. Finally, the average student borrower graduates with $26,900 in student loan debt.
Students attending for-profit colleges and two-year institutions are more likely to struggle with student loan debt after graduation. This has led to a federal investigation into the viability of for-profit schools and their inability to increase success rates, leaving graduates jobless and saddled with debt. Those with the most student loan debt also make more money, helping to alleviate the burden of student loan debt. However, graduates with student loan debt that do not have high-paying jobs may find the process of repayment to be more manageable through an income-based repayment plan.
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